Cultural And Spatial Levels Of Australian Television

Contemporary Australian television is a heterogeneous site that gives valuable insights into the various tendencies that cohere to make what is considered to be Australia’s national culture. By examining the different cultural and spatial levels of Australian television, including demographics, ethnicity, stereotypes and global influences, it becomes clear how convoluted the sense of Australian national culture is. This is due to the understanding of Australian culture itself not being a unified category. Therefore, this begs the question of whether the national Australian culture revealed on television is aligned with the national Australian culture that is evident throughout physical reality of society today. As evident within Australian society, Australia’s culture is made up of stringent and complex sets of ethic, values and beliefs. Due to its multiculturalist outlook there is a strong premise among Australian people that Australians on a whole are very accepting and tolerant people. Additionally, Australian’s believe that as people they themselves are peaceful and laid-back. When dissecting Australian culture most will agree that Australian’s believe in comradeship, ‘mateship’ and the â€Å"fair go†. However, whilst this idealized image of Australian culture is a prevalent opinion, it is questionable that this image is mirrored within contemporary Australian television. Australia is a nation rich in ethnic diversity. Despite this, it is clear that the AustraliaShow MoreRelatedVernacular Architecture Identity Essay3577 Words   |  15 Pages Theme - The idea of the vernacular - architecture as identity The search for a cogent Australian architectural idiom. The idea of the vernacular is strong in Australian architecture and is often defined in terms of the city and the bush . 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Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Breakdown of Relationships Free Essays

Outline and evaluate research into the breakdown of romantic relationships. (24 marks) One piece of research into the breakdown of romantic relationships conducted by Thibaut and Kelly, can explain why a relationship may breakdown using the Social Exchange Theory. A relationship may breakdown due to the ‘profits’ and ‘losses’ in the relationship, one of the participants in the relationship may compare the current relationship to a previous one and realise they are not getting what they should be out of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Breakdown of Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Hatfield’s Equity Theory suggests that individuals in a relationship are not trying to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs, but the happiest individuals were the ones where the rewards for both parties were equal. Therefore, a relationship may not breakdown because a person is under-benefitting but because there is an imbalance in the rewards. This research is supported by further research carried out by Hatfield which shows that the happiest newlyweds were the ones who felt like they both inputted equally into the relationship and had equal rewards. The ones under-benefitted had feelings of anger, resentment and deprivation, and those over benefitted felt guilty and uncomfortable. However, this may not mean that a relationship will break down. Karney and Bradbury (1995) found that marital unhappiness did not strong predict a future divorce. A problem with both of the theories is that they cannot explain why people stay in unhappy relationships, where the costs are clearly outweighing the benefits, or where the rewards are unequal. For example in an abusive relationship, many partners stay in the relationship even though they are not having any benefits from it. Another criticism of the social exchange theory is that they imply that people are extremely selfish and underestimates the role of altruism. There are also problems when trying to quantify the costs and benefits in a relationship. A problem with the equity theory is that there are strong individual differences as to how much equity people expect from a marriage or romantic relationship. These two theories focus on individualist cultures, where there is an emphasis on personal freedom. They may not apply to collectivist cultures where there is an emphasis more on what is best for society. Another researcher, Duck (1992) looked at findings from several longitudinal studies into the breakdown of relationships. He found that there are many predisposing factors that could influence the dissolution of a relationship. These factors can either be internal; which is where the risk lies in the partners background and personality, or external where it is events outside the relationship that may threaten it. Graziano et al (1996) supports the fact that personality has shown to be an important factor in the breakdown of relationships and says that individuals who are high in agreeableness (co-operative, supportive and non-confrontational) tend to be in relationships which last longer and there is less conflict. They also believe that relationships where one of both of the couple is high in neuroticism are more likely to end in a divorce. Duck’s predisposing factors do offer reasonable explanations for why some marriages may fail. However only some of the marriages that meet most of all of the criteria will actually end in a divorce, many divorces will involve couples that do not meet any of the criteria. This then suggests that the predisposing factors oversimplify the complex behaviour. This would make the theory reductionist and therefore is not good in explaining the breakdown of relationships. Another problem with the research is that a lot of it can be troubled by various factors such as individual differences with the individuals involved in the relationships. Many of the couples interviewed were often white and middle class, this is culturally biased and therefore means that the results found from the studies cannot be generalised to the cultures of the rest of the world. The data gathered from the research is often mainly retrospective self-report, this is bad because the retrospective means looking back after the event has happened and therefore may be unreliable as it relies on the memory of the individuals meaning that it is not reliable, the self-reports also may lack in validity because it is possible for the participants to lie. How to cite Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Breakdown of Relationships, Essays

Maurits Cornelius Escher Biography Essay Example For Students

Maurits Cornelius Escher Biography Essay Maurits Cornelius Escher was born on June 17th, 1898 in Leeuwarden, Netherlands. His father was a civil engineer. Eschers great skill for art and drawing was realized at an early age. This led his father to decide to send him to study at the School of Architecture and Decorative Arts in Haarlem. But, when he was 21 years old, Escher gave up architecture to study in the field of graphic arts. Escher spent most of his life travelling in Europe looking for inspiration for his works. In 1921 he got married and stayed in Rome. This is when his works of art began to show landscapes with impossible perspectives. In the 1930s, Fascism in Italy made life impossible for Escher and his family, so they moved to Switzerland. In 1936, Escher visited the Alhambra in Granada. The Moorish tiling he came across was amazing too him. Escher read and understood PÃÆ'Â ³lyas paper on the 17 planes of symmetry, even though he didnt understand all of the ideas in the paper. Between 1936 and 1942 Escher concentrated on colored drawings using all of the different symmetry types. He invented a highly mathematical system of study using a process which he invented himself. In 1941, Escher went home to the Netherlands. His popularity began to grow, and in the 1950s, articles on his work were written. His drawings of symmetry began to be displayed in science museums more than art galleries. In his later years several books were published about him. One of these books described his works of art as he neared death. When Eschers view of the world turned inward he produced his best known puzzling prints, which, art aside, were truly intellectually playful, yet he was not. His life turned inward, he cut himself off and he had few friends. He died after a protracted illness Escher died on March 27th, 1972, in the Netherlands.