The Necessity of Upholding Liberal Beliefs an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Necessity of Upholding Liberal Beliefs by Expert Prof. Maryline | 22 Dec 2016 The Necessity of Upholding Liberal Beliefs for the Adherence to Liberal Institutions: Analysis of John Rawls A Theory of Justice Adherence to a liberal outlook is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the adherence to liberal institutions (Barry, 1990, p.11). The reason for such a claim is based on the lack of logical relation between liberal ideas and the support for liberal institutions (Barry, 1990, p.2). In order to understand such a claim it is necessary to present the correlation of the aforementioned elements [liberal ideas and liberal institutions]. Three main features characterize liberal institutions: (1) adherence to the harm principle [which states that people are free to act as they wish provided they do not harm others]; (2) freedom of expression; and (3) equal citizenship regardless of social class, race, or gender. Each of the aforementioned traits have corresponding characteristics within the liberal outlook. Equal citizenship coheres with the idea that no religious dogma can (be) reasonably held with certainty (Barry, 1990, p. 1). Freedom of expression coheres with the assumption tha t no view should be held unless it has withstood critical scrutiny (Barry, 1990, p.2). Need essay sample on "The Necessity of Upholding Liberal Beliefs" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Usually Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friendsSpecialists recommend: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On TimeCollege Essay Writing Service My Paper Writing Best Essay Writing Service Essay Writing Services The conception of the necessity to oppose servile status, on the other hand, coheres with the idea of the necessity to uphold fundamental equality (Barry, 1990, p. 2). Analysis of the aforementioned correlation [between the characteristics of liberal ideas and the main features of liberal institutions] shows that liberal institutions antedate the prevalence of liberal attitudes (Barry 6). If such is the case, it follows that liberal attitudes were merely pragmatic outcomes of liberal institutions. In order to prove the necessity [or universality] of the adherence to liberal institutions it is thereby necessary to prove the necessity of the adherence to liberal institutions that is not based upon a liberal outlook. The possibility of such was presented by John Rawls through his version of the principle of neutrality. According to the principle of neutrality, public policy should as a matter of justice be neutral between different ideas of the good (Barry, 1990, p.6). As opposed to the historic basis [and hence pragmatic justification] of the aforementioned relation between liberal institutions and liberal beliefs, the importance of the principle of neutrality lies in its ethical justification of liberalism. Such an ethical justification is evident in John Rawls theory of distributive justice as presented and elucidated in his A Theory of Justice. Such a theory states the distribution or allocation of various resources within a set of inpiduals within society (Barry, 1990, p 7). Prima facie, the distribution of resources [to be understood as something whose deployment is a means of satisfaction of wants] is conceived as an equal one. Such a conception thereby necessitates a consideration of liberty and equality since the choice between liberty and equality brings forth issues regarding the fundame ntal notion of justice. In 1971, Rawls wrote A Theory of Justice with the aim of defending an egalitarian liberal vision of justice by adopting the social contract theory. I will mention two important aspects of Rawls theory: (1) the original position and (2) the principle of justice as fairness. In Rawls theory, the original position [like the social contract] is a thought experiment. Social contract theorists like Hobbes for instance do not contend that there was actually a corresponding historical fact to the idea of a social contract. For the most part, the social contract theory has an explanatory function that being to provide a justification for the formation of the state. In the same vein, Rawls original position has an explanatory function to explain that being what and how will we arrive at the principles of justice given that there is a veil of ignorance (1971, p.19). The veil of ignorance was employed by Rawls to mean that the parties involved are mutually disinterested since they do not know wh o they represent. The idea is actually simple. For instance, we have decided to think of a principle of social justice that we ought to apply to our society and let us say that we are generally knowledgeable on issues regarding human affairs. In addition to this, let us also say that we are not aware of our positions or whom we represent in society because of the veil of ignorance. The question to be considered is whether we will devise laws that may be called unjust. Rawls contends that under such a position inpiduals would opt for the attainment of the greatest amount of equality amongst social groups or inpiduals in general. In relation to this, one must consider the conception of justice as fairness. According to Rawls, we may arrive at two principles of justice through the original position and the veil of ignorance. A just society, as Rawls sees it, ought to assure that each citizen has an equal claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic rights and liberties in which the scheme is compatible with the same scheme for all (Rawls, 1971, p.156). This is the Rawls First Principle. The Second Principle must address those aspects of the basic structure that affects the distribution of opportunities, offices, income, wealth, and resources. Collectively, these are identified as social advantages. The Second Principle, according to Rawls, has two parts. In the first part of the Second Principle, Rawls contends that the social structures or institutions that mold the aforementioned distribution must satisfy the requirements of a fair equality of opportunity (1971, p.61). In the second part of the second principle, Rawls discussed the Difference Principle. In his work entitled Political Liberalism, Rawls states, social and economic inequalities are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society (1993, p.6). Such a conception of the correlation of justice and fairness thereby mirrors Rawls liberal orientation. For Rawls personal and civil liberties are social goods and there are occasions when certain inequalities are permissible in society. Such occasions of inequality are permissible during instances wherein the aforementioned conditions enable the least advantage classes to gain social and economic benefits. The point is that we cannot totally be equal and even if it were possible, it would lead to more losses than gains. Absolute equality is never achievable. One must now consider whether the aforementioned conception of justice [wherein priority of rights is given over the good] allows the necessity of the adherence to liberal institutions. It is important to note that the aforementioned conception is in itself based upon a liberal outlook. Note for example that neutrality [or Rawls version of distributive justice mentioned above] necessitates the assumption of a liberal outlook, which opts for value neutrality within society (Skinner, 1998, p.79). If such is the case, it thereby follows that adherence to liberal institutions necessitates the adherence to liberal beliefs. In lieu of this, I would like to end with a remark on justice in a liberal and democratic political setting. Although the aforementioned discussions leads to the initial assumption stated in the paper, it is important to note that the issue of coming up with a satisfactory account or theory of justice is a necessary condition for a society to be considered humane. True, liberal ideologies opened up new ways of looking at things, different ways of looking at things such is the thrust of John Rawls Theory of Justice. References Barry, B. (1990). How Not to Defend Liberal Institutions. British Journal of Political Science 20.1: 1-14. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Skinner, Q. (1998). Liberty Before Liberalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The purpose of the research Essays

The purpose of the research Essays The purpose of the research Essay The purpose of the research Essay The purpose of the research work is to specifically understand the concept of knowledge management, its difference in large enterprises and small enterprises, 7 different categories of knowledge (knowledge about customers, about company’s products/services, intellectual property rights management, about markets, about competition, about processes and methods, about regulatory environment), the criticality of knowledge creation and key challenges for knowledge-intensive SMEs(the identification, capture, storing, mapping, dissemination and creation of knowledge) from different perspectives and for different purposes.Methodology This paper uses a survey method to collect primary data to study knowledge creation and categorization in automotive components manufacturers. Knowledge creation is gaining importance but Ramp;D spending as a percentage of turnover is very low. International automotive components manufacturers have a better perception about knowledge creation compared to Indian firms. The key challenges for knowledge intensive SMEs are the identification, capture, storing, mapping, dissemination and creation of knowledge.Knowledge management is an integrated and complex social process which has culture, people, finance, technology and organizational structure at its core. Research study finds that innovators are more likely to experience growth than non innovators. The methodology of the research is based on 3 surveys conducted namely for international experts, Indian experts and auto component manufacturers.International experts were asked to give their views on knowledge creation and categorisation in knowledge management in international auto components SMEs whereas Indian experts were consulted for knowledge management in Indian auto co mponents manufacturers. Experts’ gave their views on the automotive components industry as a whole, thus giving a picture of the overall industry, which the researcher labels as macro perspective. Automotive components manufacturers responded to what is happening within the company, which the researcher calls as micro perspective.Findings The findings of the three different survey groups have been summarised in the tables below: Table 1 Rating of knowledge provided by government/associations (international experts) Criteria| Minimum| Maximum| Mean| Standard Deviation| Relevance| 1. 00| 6. 00| 3. 2857| 1. 54066| Latest| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 2857| 1. 20439| Timely| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 1429| 1. 23146| Table 2 Rating of knowledge provided by government/associations (Indian experts) Criteria| Minimum| Maximum| Mean| Standard Deviation| Relevance| 2. 00| 6. 00| 4. 2222| 1. 39443|Latest| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 3333| 2. 00000| Timely| 1. 00| 6. 00| 3. 6667| 1. 80278| Table 3 Importance of ranking of knowledge Importance ranking of knowledge types| Mean rank| Knowledge about markets| 2. 89| Knowledge about customers| 2. 34| Knowledge about new technologies| 3. 29| Knowledge about processes and methods| 3. 64| Knowledge about products/services| 4. 84| Knowledge about partners/alliances| 6. 16| Knowledge about regulatory environment andstandards| 4. 93| Table 4 Ramp;D Spending (% sales) Spending on Ramp;D| Response percentage|Less than 0. 5%| 41. 2| 0. 5-1%| 23. 5| 1-1. 5%| 5. 9| 1. 5-2%| 11. 8| 2-2. 5%| 5. 9| More than 2. 5%| 11. 8| Table 5 Knowledge by government/industry associations (automotive components manufacturers) Criteria| Minimum| Maximum| Mean| Standard Deviation| Relevance| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 3125| 1. 66208| Latest| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 0000| 1. 50555| Timely| 1. 00| 5. 00| 3. 3125| 1. 57982| Table 6 Test Results | Rating of knowledgeprovided by govt/associations – relevance(1 ? Very poor to7 ? Excellent)| Rating of knowledgeprovided by govt/associations  œ latest(1 ?Very poor to7 ? Excellent)| Rating of knowledgeprovided by govt/associations – timely(1 ? Very poor to7 ? Excellent)| Mann-Whitney U| 23. 000| 18. 500| 26. 000| Wilcoxon W| 68. 000| 63. 500| 71. 000| Z| -0. 936| -1. 406| -0. 607| Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)| 0. 350| 0. 160| 0. 544| Exact Sig. (2 *(1-tailed Sig. )]| 0. 408| 0. 174| 0. 606| Conclusion The spending on Ramp;D as a percentage of sales is quite low. The government and industry associations need to create awareness and sensitization programs for knowledge creation.It can be done through workshops, seminars specifically for top management for developing management talent as most of the ACMs are owner managed who lack management or technical education. These programs can also be used for convincing management for investments in innovation. This can be done by starting knowledge initiatives in few units like Knowledge Cells’ in association with ACMA, SIAM, CII . These efforts can be further substantiated by recognizing the firm with the Best Practices’ and creation of awards for Best Knowledge CEO’ and Best Knowledge Company’.Analysis shows that a select group of innovative SMEs are initiators of breakthrough innovation. They are often but not always high-growth SMEs. New firms represent a significant proportion of all patents filed by businesses, but this share varies strongly. Industry associations and governments need to have re-appraisal of their practices and make their working more useful, fast and updated. Government and industry associations should play an active role for creating the

Social Media Content Creation With The Social Message Optimizer

Social Media Content Creation With The Social Message Optimizer Social media engagement. Every marketer wants more of it. So, other than  creating content that tends to perform well on social media how can you  write the best social media posts ever to boost  your engagement? It turns out, that- in addition to creative ideas- certain mechanics can predict  each of your social messages success. By social media mechanics, I mean seriously knowing: What message type (text, image, link, or video) gets the most engagement for every network? How many characters should your social media message be for every network? How many hashtags should you include in your message for every network? How many emojis should there be in your message for every network? What  emotional sentiment works best for every network? ^^^ If you knew the answers to those questions for every network and subsequently optimized every social media message you write for every network you would get more engagement for every network. So wouldnt it be nice if there were a free tool to help you do just that?  Ã°Å¸Ëœâ€° Introducing: The Social Message  Optimizer From Go ahead: Use the Social Message  Optimizer now! You don't need to read this blog post to write better social media messages. Just use the Social Message  Optimizer, follow the prompts, and shoot for a score of 80 or higher. Go on. You seriously don't need to read this blog post. You can come back and read this. But you really don't have to.  Ã°Å¸Ëœ ¬ 1,488 messages are optimized through  this puppy EVERY DAY. (That's 44,636 per month, for the mathematically inclined.) So  if you're not using it, you're already 1,500 messages behind.  Just sayin'... Just ask our friend Jay Baer, president of  Convince Convert, if he thinks it works: New tool from @- helps you write better #socialmedia messages. Check it out here: https://t.co/FZuZTSgty2 pic.twitter.com/VxXLYArtz1 - Jay Baer (@jaybaer) May 6, 2017 You're still reading, but you seriously  should just go use that tool instead. The tool is  way more fun. Trust me... Or trust Christin Kardos what she thinks (if you still think I'm a little sketchy). Fun, helpful #tool alert! Write Better Social Messages w/ #SocialMedia Message Optimizer From @https://t.co/5ZTiaX8GIU #smm pic.twitter.com/sj8vNxtnsi - Christin Kardos (@ChristinKardos) May 3, 2017 Alright. Read on then. I recently analyzed the most engaging  social media messages from a sample  of 6,399,322 messages posted  through 's database. For those who may be  unfamiliar, is the #1 best-selling social media + marketing management calendar in the world with 15,000+ customers in more than 100 countries. Coupled with 's custom, proprietary, and never-before-seen data, I've also  researched every study I could find around the web on the topic of writing social media posts (specifically about the mechanics): HubSpot's character count guide Buffer's  how many hashtags blog post Buffer's optimal length infographic Jeff Bullas' Facebook fan engagement tips Fast Company's ideal tweet and Facebook post length article TrackSocial's tweet length blog post Sprout Social's Instagram hashtags blog post Super Spicy Media's Instagram hashtags blog post Max Woolf's Instagram hashtags case study Copyblogger's art of writing great Google+ posts blog post Marvin Williams' Instagram tagging deck 's brand new research into the most engaging social media messages from a sample of  6,399,322 from a diverse range of industries (think real estate to software to fitness companies to department stores) At times, these studies  differed from  the nearly 6.4 million data-driven results  that fuel the  Social Message  Optimizer. Several  reference what appear to be the same data sets over and over, rarely adding new commentary to the conversation. So in this blog post, you are going  to learn... The message type that gets the most engagement for each social network. How long your message should be for every social network. How many hashtags to include in your message for each social network. How many emojis tend to get the most engagement on every social network. The emotional sentiment (positive or negative?) that performs best on every social network (spoiler alert: Think positive thoughts). ...and all of it is backed by  6,399,322 reasons to take this advice very seriously.  Ã°Å¸â„¢Å' Solid Content Solid Mechanics Solid content trumps solid mechanics. That said, this blog post is all about the mechanics. Read this to write better social media content. Once you master social media writing, then worry about the mechanics. I suggest thinking about this like skill acquisition: Start by brainstorming engaging  messages. Hone your  core skill behind writing well. Master writing for each social network with the Social Media Optimizer. Think of it like this: In addition to writing solid messages,  there are several other optimization layers  to hone in your skill set  that will impact your success: Social media visuals: Download the free Photoshop CC file in this post to design  perfectly sized images for each of the networks (and you'll get 84 free images, too). Best times to post: It makes sense to share when  your followers are most active on each network. Use the free Google Analytics Custom Reports to know when your audience is most active. How often to post: Are you sharing too little or too much?  Download this infographic to post the perfect amount for each network every day. ^^^ I'm sure you can think of a dozen more things that may impact your social media engagement. But for now, in this blog post, you are only going to learn about the message mechanics that fuel what Susan Gilbert calls the "#1 Social Message Optimizer."  Ã°Å¸Ëœ  Check out the "#1 Social Message Optimizer" by @: https://t.co/bY0sRUClIl #smm #marketing - Susan Gilbert (@SusanGilbert) May 2, 2017 Let's do this. How To Write For Facebook The  best Facebook message  is a link post that is 111 characters long, contains zero hashtags, has one emoji, and shares a  positive message. Use the following  information to optimize your own Facebook posts as you write them: Message Type Best: Link Good: Image OK: Text Character Count Best: 111 Good: 119 OK: 40 Hashtag Count Best: 0 Emoji Count Best: 1 Ok: 0 Writing for Facebook? Get the most engagement with links, 111 characters, 0 hashtags, 1 emoji,...How To Write For Twitter The best tweets are image posts that are 103 characters long, contain two hashtags, include one emoji, and are positive sentiment. Optimize your tweets with the mechanics best practices  to increase your engagement: Message Type Best: Image Good: Text OK: Link Character Count Best: 103 Good: 113 OK: 93 Hashtag Count Best: 2 Ok: 1 Emoji Count Best: 1 Ok: 0 The best tweets = image + 103 characters  + 2 hashtags  + 2 emojis  + positivity.How To Write For Instagram The best Instagram messages are image posts that are 241 characters long, contain 11 hashtags, have three emojis, and are positive sentiment. Boost your engagement by optimizing your Instagram messages according  to  the these mechanics best practices: Message Type Best: Image Good: Video Character Count Best: 241 Good: 200 OK: 224 Hashtag Count Best: 11 Good: 5 OK: 10 Emoji Count Best: 3 Good: 2 Ok: 1 Get the most engagement on Instagram with image, 241 characters, 11 hashtags, 3 emojis, positivity.How To Write For Pinterest The best Pins are image posts that are 215 characters long, contain zero hashtags, include zero emojis, and show positive sentiment. Optimize your Pins to get the most engagement by following these best practices for mechanics: Message Type Best: Image Good: Link Character Count Best: 215 Good: 148 OK: 141 Hashtag Count Best: 0 Emoji Count Best: 0 The best Pins have  an image, 215 characters, 0 hashtags, 0 emojis, positive sentiment.How To Write For LinkedIn The best LinkedIn messages are link posts that are 149 characters long, demonstrate positive sentiment, and contain no hashtags or emojis. Optimize your LinkedIn messages by following  these mechanics best practices: Message Type Best: Link Good: Text OK: Image Character Count Best: 149 Good: 125 OK: 95 Hashtag Count Best: 0 Emoji Count Best: 0 Get the most engagement on LinkedIn: Link, 149 characters, 0 hashtags, 0 emojis, positive sentiment.How To Write For Google+ The best Google+ messages are link posts that are 65 characters long, contain three hashtags, include one emoji, and show signs of positive sentiment. Optimize your Google+ message according to these best practices for mechanics to get the most engagement: Message Type Best: Link Good: Image OK: Text Character Count Best: 65 Good: 60 OK: 502 Hashtag Count Best: 3 Good: 2 OK: 1 Emoji Count Best: 1 Ok: 0 The best Google+ messages? Link, 65 characters, 3 hashtags, 1 emoji, positivity.The Breakdown: What To Do Now? The ideal message type and character count for each network are pretty obvious. However, you may want some help  finding emojis and hashtags  to optimize certain shares. Because when you bring the details  together right, you can be a high-scorer like tech keynote speaker Brian Fanzo: I got a 79 on the Social Media Optimizer via @! https://t.co/QRa7i7GFV7 - Brian Fanzo 😎 (@iSocialFanz) May 2, 2017 Nice work, Brian  Ã°Å¸â€˜Å  Now, let's explore. Where To Find Hashtags? Here are a few tools you can use to find trending or popular hashtags: What The Trend helps you explore the top hashtags from the past month. Twitonomy helps you see hashtags similar to the content you tend to  check out on Twitter. RiteTag  gives you feedback on hashtags as you type them. Hashtagify helps you find existing popular hashtags. If you'd like to learn  more about how to use hashtags effectively, read this ultimate hashtag guide. You'll also discover how to find hashtags on every network that supports them to get a better feel of how to write great messages for each network. Where To Find Emojis? There are a handful of ways to include emojis the messages you're creating with the Social Message  Optimizer: On your Mac, press Control, Command, and Space Bar at the same time. You'll see an emoji menu where you just need to hit an emoji and it'll populate where your cursor is. 😉 On Windows 8 or 10, hit the keyboard icon in the lower-right corner of your taskbar to activate the Touch Keyword. Then click the smiley face icon to change the keyboard to an emoji keyboard. Just like on Mac, when you hit an emoji, it will enter where your cursor is. Otherwise, simply bookmark GetEmoji, then copy and paste emoji art from the website into your social media message. Now You Know How To Optimize Your Social Media Messages We know you're going to fall in love with the Social Message Optimizer, like Rachel Thompson, did... LOVE LOVE LOVE: If You Love The Headline Analyzer, Just Wait Until You See This! Think #Social Media https://t.co/jw2eqckQ8r via @ - Rachel Thompson (@RachelintheOC) May 20, 2017 But just because you probably want all of this data at your fingertips the next time you're writing messages with the Social Message  Optimizer, here's a handy (downloadable + savable) infographic of everything you just learned: Remember, this blog post is all about the mechanics behind writing  engaging social media messages. Here is some recommended reading to write effective messages beyond the mechanics: This Is How To Write For Social Media To Create The Best Posts The 6 Types Of Social Media Content That Will Give You The Greatest Value How to Boost Engagement on Social Media with Visual Content How To Make The Best Social Media Images The Easy Way (+ 84 Free Images) How To Develop A Winning Social Media Content Strategy (Free Template) Good luck! Remember... the Social Message  Optimizer is FREE! Optimize your social media messages now. 😉 Join these fine marketers in writing the best social media messages the web has ever seen! If You Love The Headline Analyzer, Check Out the Social Message Optimizer https://t.co/A1Fvuw69Fi via @ - Mike Wilton (@mwilton13) May 2, 2017 How To Write For Social Media To Create The Best Posts @is the BEST content blog on the web HANDS DOWN ðŸ™Å' https://t.co/owTvBUVvm8 pic.twitter.com/LaIcvWXaaA - Whale of a Tale 🠐 ³Ã°Å¸ â€¹ (@thewritewhale) May 17, 2017 LOVE the Headline Optimizer. Have you SEEN the Social Message Optimizer! via @@njellering https://t.co/CvOierGFgS - Lisa Shomo (@keenkoncept) May 4, 2017 @OMG...social message optimizer https://t.co/SKXDqFlPSP. ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  - The Rambler (@MRTrambler) May 11, 2017

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example Cloud computing has a number of business uses, such as, website hosting, project management, cloud-based accounting and billing, and document storage. Technology Required To Use Cloud Computing The only requirements for an individual or a business to access the services of cloud computing include a computer system, an internet connection, and an agreement with the cloud services providing company. â€Å"As long as a computer has Internet access it will be able to use the application† (Cheow, 2010). Business Uses of Cloud Computing For businesses, cloud computing provides a number of benefits some of which include ease in data storage, workload shift, improved organization of business processes, cloud-based project management, and improved customer service. Companies can store their important files, such as, Microsoft word files, spreadsheets, and audio files on the cloud through internet and can access them whenever required. Companies can also enjoy website hosting through cl oud computing using this facility, companies do not need to buy any physical server for the hosting of their websites, rather they can make use of cloud hosting where they can increase or decrease the bandwidth as per business needs. Cloud-based project management is another business use of cloud computing. ... Usually business professionals need to install, configure, test, and run all hardware and software products on their own. Cloud computing eliminates such problems for clients because the providers of cloud services are responsible for managing all technical issues. Another benefit of cloud computing for businesses is that of workload shift. Using cloud-computing services, employees do not have to worry about applications’ management because the service providers take responsibility of many of the business processes related to sales and service management. As Strickland (n.d.) states, â€Å"local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications†. For businesses, some of the main benefits of using cloud computing services include ease of integration with proprietary systems, low capital investment, user friendly interface of software applications, and improved data management. If we talk about the expense of using cloud services, we can say that cloud computing cuts down many of the expenses for small businesses. The only expense is the monthly bill which client organizations need to pay to the service providers. However, there is no expense related to design and management of software applications because service providers bear all such expenses. Limitations of Using Cloud Computing Along with a number of benefits for businesses related to cloud computing, there also exist some limitations of using cloud-computing services. Some of those limitations include lack of security customization, less application visibility for clients, and loss of control due to increased dependency. However, privacy is the biggest concern for the users because sending of private data to the cloud does not seem to be safe. In addition, increased

Domestic Violence and Developmental Psychology Essay

Domestic Violence and Developmental Psychology - Essay Example The Centre for Children & Families in the Justice System of the London Family Court Clinic Inc has published several research studies about domestic violence that take into account the perspectives of developmental psychology as a working framework. Baker, Jaffe, Ashbourne, and Carter published "An Early Childhood Educator's Handbook" with the title of "Children Exponed to Domestic Violence". Cunningham and Baker published a comprehensive study entitled "What About Me Seeking to Understand a Child's View on Violence in the Family". These works are very helpful to deal with the issue of domestic violence from the point of view of developmental psychology since they take a humanistic psychology standpoint. It is important to note that humanistic psychology emerged in the 1950's as the "third force" in Psychology (Association for Humanistic Psychology, 2001; Van Wagner, 2008b). The "first force" was behavioral psychology, and the "second force" was psychoanalysis. Now the "fourth force" seems to be transpersonal psychology or spiritual psychology (Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 2003). But the research studies by the London Family Court Clinic Inc mentioned above take a humanistic psychology standpoint when they undertake their developmental psychology approach on domestic violence. ... The name Humanistic Psychology was finally chosen to acknowledge indebtedness both to classical humanism of ancient Greece and to the great humanist scholars of the Renaissance. Humanistic psychology rejected the medical sickness model and embraced a growth and emancipation model of healing. These ideas were echoed in the radical psychiatry of R. D. Laing and the anti-psychiatry movements of David Cooper in the U.K., Thomas Szaz in the U.S.A., and Franco Basaglia in Italy." (2005, p. 2). In this sense, the point is to deal with psychology from the point of view of health, not of illness. On the other hand, developmental psychology is described in the following terms by Van Wagner: "Development describes the growth of humans throughout the lifespan, from conception to death. The scientific study of human development seeks to understand and explain how and why people change throughout life. This includes all aspects of human growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual, and personality development. () The scientific study of development is important not only to psychology, but also to sociology, education, and health care. Development does not just involve the biological and physical aspects of growth, but also the cognitive and social aspects associated with development throughout life." (2008a) (See also Hola.co.uk, 2006). The main issues of developmental psychology are enumerated as follows by Van Wagner: "Nature vs. Nurture () "Early Experience vs. Later Experience () "Continuity vs. Discontinuity () "Abnormal Behavior vs. Individual Differences (2008a). On the issue of domestic violence, the following terms are explained by Baker, Jaffe, Ashbourne, and Carter: "Domestic violence

Regional Geography Essay Example for Free

Regional Geography Essay The reaction has been disjointed and slow, and results seen are even harder to find. Hillstrom and Hillstrom agree that â€Å" Pollution is a particularly insidious form of habitat degradation, fundamentally impacting fragile ecosystems in myriad ways, some of which are invisible to the naked eye† (17), mentioning specifically acid rain, and farm pesticide use as a couple of the not so quickly identifiable sources of habitat degradation. The authors of World Regional Geography point out that Environmental degradation in one place is often the result of demands for resources or goods in other places, and air and water pollution can flow across borders(18). The authors also note that Small farms are now being replaced by corporate farms and high tech operations such as shrimp farms, most of which, ironically cause environmental degradation and yet receive government assistance(19). Degradation also results when the vast expanses of concrete, in highly developed areas of urban sprawl, during heavy rains, sends tumultuous, unrestricted flow of groundwater to run amok. The water washes soil and impurities along with the run off, salts from road maintenance, as well as chemicals used by various processing plants. It is a vicious cycle, As economic prosperity expands, peoples consumption of goods and resources increases, and environmental degradation is usually the result, even when aware, to make the dollar, degradation processes are too often ignored as long as possible (20). Degradation can involve loss of plant life, and biodiversity, as well as pollution of soil and water sources. We need to become more active in defense of animal habitats, because realistically we too are animals, and the biodiversity that is important to wildlife, is equally important to humans. (17) Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier. North America: A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Edition: illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003. P. 43. (18) Hapke Holly M, Goodwin Conrad Mac, Pulsipher Lydia Mihelic, Pulsipher Alex. World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives. Edition: 3, illustrated, Published by Macmillan, 2005. p. 13. (19) Ibid. p. 169. (20). Ibid. P. 455. 7 Johnson and Klemens warn us that Sprawl is leading to the loss of rare and common species and possible species extinction. It is also leading directly to the loss of our natural environment, of ecosystem functioning(21). The ecosystem is a delicate balance, and we can not continue to disregard the warnings. If the ecosystem were to stop functioning the world could become a science fiction movie stage. Imagine a world without birds and bees, our major natural pollinators, and the resulting plant species extinctions that would follow. Plant extinctions would be soon followed by animal extinctions, right on down the food chain. This stark truth could very well come true in the not so distant future, if humans do not make changes to accommodate the animals we share the earth with. One of the biggest changes that could occur, that would help slow the detrimental progress of urban sprawl, would be to adopt more compact development planning. Instead of subdivisions spread across hundreds of acres, connected by a network of roads to the strip malls a few miles in one direction, and the factories a few miles in the opposite direction, plan more considerately, keep the sprawl to a minimum. Also when in the planning process, demand developers leave larger buffer zones, as well as intact habitat corridors to allow wildlife unrestricted movement between the islands of adequate habitat. Stricter oversight, and regulation of corporations discharging waste into the environment is a must, for wildlife and their habitat, and for humans as well. It is a shame that in this age of technology, the scientific community seems to have thought of everything geared towards production and convenience, and yet neglected to foresee the destruction of our environment that has resulted. Works Cited: Emel Jody, Wolch Jennifer. Animal Geographies: Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-culture Borderlands, Edition: illustrated, Published by Verso, 1998. Hapke Holly M, Goodwin Conrad Mac, Pulsipher Lydia Mihelic, Pulsipher Alex. World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives. Edition: 3, illustrated, Published by Macmillan, 2005. Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier. North America: A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Edition: illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003.

Language Codes :: Papers

Language Codes The construct of elaborated and restricted language codes was introduced by Basil Bernstein in 1971, as a way of accounting for the relatively poor performance of working-class pupils on language-based subjects, when they were achieving as well as their middle-class counterparts on mathematical topics. Interestingly, it was stimulated directly by his experience of teaching in further education. It is frequently misunderstood, largely because of Bernstein's unfortunate choice of labels. The "restricted" code does not refer to restricted vocabulary, and the "elaborated" code does not entail flowery use of language. There is an issue of "linguistic impoverishment" in the educational problems of some pupils, but Bernstein is not on the whole concerned with such extreme cases. One of Bernstein's research studies involved showing a group of children a strip cartoon and recording their account of what it depicted. Some said things like: "They're playing football and he kicks it and it goes through there it breaks the window and they're looking at it and he comes out and shouts at them because they've broken it so they run away and then she looks out and she tells them off" while others said: "Three boys are playing football and one boy kicks the ball and it goes through the window the ball breaks the window and the boys are looking at it and a man comes out and shouts at them because they've broken the window so they run away and then that lady looks out of her window and she tells the boys off." (from Bernstein, 1971 p 203 [re-arranged]) As Bernstein points out, the first account makes good sense if you have the strip cartoon in front of you, but means much less without it. This is an example of restricted code. The second can "stand on its own", and is an example of elaborated code. See Bernstein's own work for detailed accounts of the research behind the construct.

Michelangelo’s David

Introduction: I. Michelangelo’s David A. First supporting information for the sub-topic 1. Description of Michelangelo’s masterpiece 2. Detail of the statue of David B. Renaissance Period 1. European civilization 2. The story of David II. Political Implications A. First supporting information for the sub-topic 1. The artist 2. influence of the ‘contrapposto’ style B. The symbol of Renaissance sculptures 1. â€Å"Great and Heroic† 2.Michelangelo saw himself as a master III. Timeless Art A. Michelangelo's work of art 1. Florentine humanists 2. Medieval supernaturalism B. Predominant social philosophy 1. The practical measure of all things 2. The worship of beauty ? THESIS Michelangelo’s David, is the most timeless and famous work of art of the renaissance period. Not only was the outcome of the art work a masterpiece, but also the artist himself was one of the most influential people within that time period.The work of Michelangelo influenced hi story. An entire civilization was affected by the creation and the symbolism of Michelangelo’s David. Michelangelo’s David Annotated Bibliography Keliner F. S, Gardner H. , ; Mamiya C. J. (1995) Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: This book presents a detailed depiction of the art work and events that surrounded Michelangelo’s statue of David. It includes a historical timeline that parallels the influence that works of art had in the renaissance era.It describes the artistic events that changed history in such a way that you can get the essence of what went on at the time. Also, in the text itself, it gives definitive explanations to what is happening at the time so that you can understand fully what the artist is saying or where he is coming from. Gill A. (2004) Il Gigante: Michelangelo, Florence, and the David 1492-1504: This book is a well-researched work of history, from a political and artistic point of view.I find the author's technique of bringing the reader into Michelangelo's world very effective. The author demonstrates concretely how Renaissance politics and maneuvering affected Michelangelo on many levels. The history described in this story is very detailed and supports my thesis. Scigliano E. (2005) Michelangelo's Mountain: The Quest for Perfection in the Marble Quarries of Carrara: This book contains the story of Michelangelo's search for the stone he wanted, his continuing relationship with the city where he found it, and that city today.Only recently the seventeen foot tall statue of David was restored, and the world was reminded of all its beauty. The author reminds us of the risks taken by quarrymen and by Michelangelo himself as they worked together to find the perfect stone, one that would do justice to Michelangelo's vision. Wallace W. E. (1998) Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, Architecture: This book includes very detailed pictures accompanied comments and/or information about Michelangelo’s David.This five volume series reproduces about 100 articles and close to one hundred photographs in each volume. CONCLUSION Michelangelo’s David was not just a carved sculpture of a great man. Michelangelo's David embodied the very meaning of the word renaissance. The statue of David was the reason for the fame and fortune that followed this great artist. The influence of this particular piece of Michelangelo is so great that there have been many a replicas of the original installed all over the world.

Bless me ultima research paper Essay

Antonio does not give up his dream of being a priest, even though is severely disappointed by the Catholic religion. He becomes a different kind of spiritual leader, one his people are not quite ready to accept. In a dream, Antonio cries out to Jesus as he suffers on the cross: â€Å"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me! † (Anaya, 233). He is unable to fully believe in either Catholicism or curanderismo and consequently decides to combine the two different perspectives to gain his own answers. Antonio ultimately becomes â€Å"a man of learning† as Ultima had predicted. He acquires knowledge and understanding along the way to maturity. Antonio appreciates that life is naturally ever changing. He accepts his parents’ flaws as well as his brothers’ sins. He realizes the extent of prejudice and accepts that others, too, are not firm in their beliefs, while recognizing his own sins. The duality of Western and Chicano cultures in his heritage is another conflict Antonio must resolve. The author represents three different acculturations: assimilation, integration and rejection (Black, 146). According to Black, Antonio’s brothers â€Å"are assimilated into the Anglo world in ways that result in their desire to leave la familia and move into the dominant cultural sphere†; because they reject their heritage, they lose their culture (149). Antonio does a better job of assimilating his ethnic identity with Angle culture through adaptation: â€Å"†¦the innocence which our isolation sheltered could not last forever, and the affairs of the town began to reach across our bridge and enter my life† (Anaya, 14). Antonio begins his assimilation in school. He retains his heritage by speaking Spanish and eating his traditional Chicano lunch â€Å"of hot beans and some good, green chile wrapped in tortillas† (Anaya, 54). Although, as he says, â€Å"the other children saw my lunch [and] they laughed and pointed again†, the experience reminded him of the existence of prejudice (Anaya, 54). It makes him feel different until he finally finds friends who share his Chicano roots and he is able to overcome his loneliness. This also helps him to realize that he can live in both worlds. Antonio strives to learn English and stay in school, in direct contrast to the rest of his family. At home, he is educated about Chicano culture through Ultima’s teachings. She urges him to appreciate the beauty of the land and embrace the ancient wisdom of curanderas. His family are the instructors in such things as personal integrity and the Chicano way of life. Belief in myth as opposed to the reality presented by history also create a conflict in Antonio. According to Lamadrid, there is an important relation between myth and the socio-cultural identity of traditional Chicanos (497). He uses examples such as that of la llorona (wailing woman) to define myth as the â€Å"collective interpretation and mediation of the contradictions in the historical and ecological experience of a people† (Lamadrid, 496). This assertion becomes clear in examining Antonio’s representation of evil and native power; he believes La llorona is luring him, but he resists and escapes death. Ultimately, Antonio learns to accept that life is the greater reality and understands â€Å"the tragic consequences of life can be overcome by the magical strength that resides in the human heart† (Anaya, 237). He remembers Ultima’s teachings, which help him to â€Å"take life’s experiences and build strength from them and not weakness† (Anaya, 248). As de Mancelos states, Antonio must â€Å"understand the other side of the myth, the legends, the indigenous beliefs and the power of the earth† as well as more traditional religious beliefs (5). An apocalyptic event – the development of the first atomic bomb for use in World War II combat – juxtaposes with Antonio’s increasing awareness. According to Lamadrid, â€Å"the awareness of the characters of the apocalyptic threat of the atomic bomb†¦demonstrates a real and historical dimension of apocalypse† (500). Upon its arrival, the village women dress in mourning clothes, assert that the bomb resembles â€Å"a ball of white heat beyond the imagination, beyond hell† and lay the blame on ignorant Anglos: â€Å"Man was not made to know so much†¦they compete with God, they disturb the seasons, they seek to know more than God Himself. In the end, that knowledge they seek will destroy us all† (Anaya, 183). The village witnesses the loss of a large number of husbands and sons during the war while the state hosts the very first test of the atomic bomb. Even Antonio is affected as his brothers return from service traumatized. According to the villagers, these are all signs of an apocalypse requiring â€Å"the need for a synthesis†¦in this new time of crisis† (Lamadrid, 500). Antonio is fortunate enough to create his own synthesis by continuing his ties to the desert and La Virgen de Guadalupe, la llorona and the brotherhood of the golden carp. His cultural conflicts are settled because of his synchronicity with Ultima’s belief that the purpose of his life is to do good. Her final blessing, â€Å"Always have the strength to live. Love life, and if despair enters your heart, look for me in the evenings when the wind is gentle and the owls sing in the hills† are the words he will live by(Anaya, 247). Antonio’s maturity comes as the result of completing a journey which alternately takes him away from, and then back to, his heritage. The conflicts of warring factions in his life cause him to question the values and beliefs of each and come up with his own explanation. Rather than refusing his heritage, Antonio fuses the differences and acquires a richness of experience and strength of character. Along with this new understating, Antonio looks forward to a future based on the past but open to new possibilities – a mature outlook indeed. Works Cited Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 1999. Black, Debra B. â€Å"Times of Conflict: Bless Me, Ultima as a Novel of Acculturation†. Bilingual Review, Vol. 25 (2), 2000, pp. 146-159. de Mancelos, Joao. â€Å"Witchcraft, Initiation, and Cultural Identity in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima†. Revista de Letras, serie II, #3, 2004. 129-134. Lamadrid, Enrique R. â€Å"Myth as the Cognitive Process of Popular Culture in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima†: The Dialectics of Knowledge. Hispania, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Sep. 1985), pp. 496-501. Stone, Dan. â€Å"An Interview with Rudolfo Anaya†. National Endowment for the Arts: The Big Read. January 4, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from the NEA website: http://www. neabigread. org/books/blessmeultima/anaya04_about. php. University of New Mexico. â€Å"Writing the Southwest: Rudolfo Anaya†. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from the UNM website: http://www. unm. edu/~wrtgsw/anaya. html.

Criticaster †an Incompetent Critic or How Not to Spoil a Good Critical Review

Criticaster – an Incompetent Critic or How Not to Spoil a Good Critical Review Criticaster an Incompetent Critic or How Not to Spoil a Good Critical Review Any position or argument that cannot be subjected to a critical review is not qualified for an intellectual discourse. Now, the number one task is to understand what a critical review is. When a person posits or puts down ideas about a subject in an article, people are called upon to read and think clearly and carefully and come out with analysis of the ideas expressed in the said article according to what the author has penned down and the information they have about the point in discourse. Here, ideas expressed in the article are evaluated, summarized and reviewed to come out with your own idea hinging on the weaknesses and strengths of the article in question. Now, while making a critical review, there are two things that are paramount, and they will lead you to arrive at a very good review if you abide by them. The first is the acquisition of information as expressed in the article and this is done through reading and understanding of what is posited by the writer. Now, you must not limit yourself to the text under question when you want to get the best of information about the subject being discussed. You must get ideas and information from related texts. The next is the thorough questioning of every bit of information and idea presented in the article or text so as to evaluate and arrive at an informed judgment. For you to review efficiently, you must know the central idea under discussion and the purpose that the write up in question is meant to achieve. Never jump into a critical review because of shallow information or blanket idea about a topic. Understand the context in which the idea is being used and the result it is meant to achieve. You must also have great information about the audience the article or text is meant to address. Whenever you are evaluating, concentrate on the theories, frameworks and approaches and not just on the conclusions made. All the content must be analyzed according to concepts and you have to do this separately according to components. When you do, seek for the interrelation and connection between the different components, and how they can influence each other. You can start by following these simple steps: Ascertain if the text is balanced or biased Ascertain if it is a fair article Seek for ways of summarizing all the points Seek for the relationship between this and other literature you have read on the topic Evaluate the interpretations posited by the author Look at the main issues the writer raised Know where the author got his or her evidence And know the area that is being reviewed and discussed You have to answer all these questions, and be sure that your answers are not biased too. And the last thing you should remember is that you should know where the author is coming from and where he is heading to, his personality is not to be considered when evaluating, so that you do not mix the author with what he wrote to the extent of going ad hominem. If you do, it will affect the outcome of the review negatively. Feel free to buy a critical review essay at our website. will provide you with a great-quality custom written paper.

Allegory and Obstacles in The Pilgrim’s Progress

Allegory and Obstacles in The Pilgrim’s Progress In the classic allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan explains the journey of a newly-saved believer. Bunyan’s story unraveled in a dream of a man named Christian. After reading a section in the bible, Christian tells his wife and children that he must find a way to deliver them from the City of Destruction or they will be burned by fire from Heaven. As Christian sat in a field crying for salvation, a man named Evangelist advised him to run toward a shining light that would lead him to the Wicket-gate where he could learn how to be saved. Throughout his journey to the Celestial City, Christian encountered people who tried to discourage him and lead him astray in many ways. Two of these deceiving people, Worldly Wiseman and Apollyon, symbolize very common setbacks that occur in the walk of believers. Worldly Wiseman was a man of high standing in his hometown Carnal Policy. He had great knowledge of how the world sees morality. As he crossed paths with Christian he tried to convince him that going to the Celestial City was a waste of time. He told Christian not to take counsel from Evangelist or read the Bible because doing so would only lead him to peril and death. However, even though Mr. Worldly Wiseman seemed to know what he was talking about, he didn’t. He tried to deceive Christian into thinking that he could have happiness and be released from his burdens if only he lived a moral life. He considered people who took the hard road to the Celestial city foolish. (13-19) For the most part, Worldly Wiseman allegorically represents the world’s scorn of having a relationship with God. The world’s outlook, and that of Worldly Wiseman, fits right into the Devil’s plan because it makes people believe that if they are a good person they will go to Heaven without having a relationship with God and without taking the sins from their life, which is just not true. Christian was led astray by what Worldly Wiseman told him until Evangelist found him again and got him back on the road to the Celestial City. Apollyon was a horrific beast, in the Valley of Humiliation, who believed that he was lord and protector of all the land. He despised the Prince (Jesus) and killed anyone who went to seek Him. When Christian encountered Apollyon, he tried to strike fear in his heart. He told Christian to go back to his home in the City of Destruction or he would kill him as he did the others who passed to find the Prince. Christian did not listen to him, but instead told him that he liked the things of the Prince better than those of Apollyon and would not return to his previous home but continue his journey. Hearing these things enraged Apollyon and he decided to kill Christian. However Christian stood his ground and fought him for nearly half a day. Battered and injured things looked grim for Christian but when Apollyon turned his back the Lord gave him the strength he needed to pierce his sword into the monster, and he flew away bringing victory to Christian. (63-69) Within the narrative, Apollyon symbolizes subjection to worldly power and the loss of spiritual freedom. He tried to take away Christian’s freedom to choose a path towards God. Apollyon is comparable to a dictator who demands that the people under his rule must not worship or follow God, but instead take part in worldly, sinful practices. This type of government is all too common in this world. It causes people to have less knowledge of God because people fear to share the gospel in highly persecuted countries. Also the people who do know the gospel must risk everything at times. It’s hard for a father to sacrifice his wife and children or his life to follow God. However, people in lost, tyrannical countries must stay strong and fearless in their walk with God, and missionaries must trust that God can protect them as they share His Word with those countries. Evangelist went into Apollyon’s dominion, knowing the dangers, in attempt to save as many people as possib le. Christian left his home and family, and went through many trials and obstacles to follow God. God is infinitely worth it though, both Evangelist and Christian knew this. Every character in The Pilgrim’s Progress allegorically stands in for obstacles or blessings that occur in a Christian’s walk with Christ. This essay is focused on the obstacles. One of the worst things that happens in Christian churches across the world is the spectacle of half-hearted â€Å"Christians† believing that they don’t need a relationship with God. Instead, they have the mindset of Mr. Worldly Wiseman and believe following religious rules alone can get them to Heaven. Another common obstacle in a Christian’s, or even a non-believer’s walk is persecution. Apollyon, much like the world’s dictators, persecuted all who wanted to follow God. This kind of leadership makes it much more difficult for believers to follow Christ. Worldly Wiseman and Apollyon both symbolize some of the most destructive problems in the lives of Christs followers. However, those problems in reality, just as in the book, can be overcome.

Gender sex paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gender sex paper - Essay Example y, a ninth-grade student, describes herself as "a pretty good guitar player" and "an excellent math student who cant understand chemistry." She says shes "wild and extroverted" with friends in her band, yet is "shy and quiet" at school. Peggys self-description reflects. This was one of the greatest social experiments research came across with because it was a real interaction with a real girl that was not aware of her social stratifications or gender roles. She was with the boys in the toy’s section but was very oblivious to â€Å"how a girl† should act. Society has defined gender roles including the concept of ‘cult of domesticity.’ Women and men have defined social roles, which confused transgender people because they fail to understand their identity. The question remains- how do LGBT and transgender fit into this category? Gender roles is an intriguing subject that takes into account of several aspects. One can argue that gender roles emerge from culture due to various reasons. Cultures adhere to gender roles because they assign responsibilities to each gender based on family needs. For example, women in eastern cultures have to follow the cult of domesticity. The cult of domesticity is a generic phrase for women to stay at home, clean the house, cook the food, and raise the children. In this model, the men are the bread winners. The cult of domesticity is a generic phrase for women to stay at home, clean the house, cook the food, and raise the children. In this model, the men are the bread winners. The idea of gender disparity in school, government and overall progression of women is clearly hindered in these cultures. I saw both cases in which girls independently paid for themselves whereas some men took the initiative to pay for their significant other, showing strong sense of â€Å"breadwinner.† Identity is absolutely essential for transgender because they don’t have the epistemic feel to belong. Imagine an individual who cannot belong. This